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GPS Navigation Basics

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GPS Navigation Basics

GPS enables autonomous drone flight by providing precise position information. This lesson covers how GPS works, waypoint navigation, geofencing, and Return-to-Home.

GPS Triangulation Principle

GPS Triangulation for Drone PositioningS1S2S3S4DRONE37.7749N, 122.4194WAlt: 50.0m AGLHow GPS Position WorksEach satellite broadcasts its position and timestamp. The receiver measuresthe time delay to calculate distance. 4+ satellites needed for 3D fix (x, y, z + time).Typical accuracy: 2-5m (GPS) | 1-2cm (RTK GPS)

GPS Accuracy Comparison

GPS Technology ComparisonStandard GPSAccuracy: 2-5 metersCost: $15-50Update: 5-10 HzUse: General navigationBeginner friendlyRecommended startRTK GPSAccuracy: 1-2 cmCost: $200-1000Update: 10-20 HzUse: Survey, precision agNeeds base stationProfessional gradeVisual SLAM + GPSAccuracy: 5-20 cmCost: $500-5000Update: 30+ HzUse: Indoor/outdoorCamera + IMU fusionAI-powered nav

Waypoint Navigation

Waypoint Navigation PathWP1Takeoff 10mWP2Survey 30mWP3Photo 30mWP4Inspect 20mWP5Land 0mDashed line = Flight path | Circles = Waypoints

Geofencing

Return-to-Home (RTH)

Hands-On Project: Mission Planner

Summary

  • GPS uses satellite triangulation — 4+ satellites for 3D position
  • Standard GPS: 2-5m accuracy | RTK GPS: 1-2cm accuracy
  • Geofencing creates virtual boundaries for safety
  • RTH is the critical failsafe — always set a safe RTH altitude
  • Waypoint missions enable autonomous flight paths

Next, we'll cover drone regulations and safety.

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