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ML Cheatsheet — Quick Reference Guide

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ML Cheatsheet — Everything You Need in One Place

Your comprehensive quick reference for machine learning concepts, algorithms, formulas, and best practices. Perfect for interviews and daily work.

  • Algorithm Summaries — Quick reference for all major ML algorithms
  • Formula Reference — Mathematical foundations at your fingertips
  • Best Practices — Proven guidelines for ML projects

"Knowledge is power, but organized knowledge is superpower."

ML Cheatsheet — Quick Reference

A comprehensive quick reference for machine learning algorithms, metrics, math, and Python code.


Algorithm Comparison Chart

Algorithm Comparison: When to Use WhatAlgorithmTypeProsConsBest ForLinear RegressionLinearSimple, interpretableAssumes linearityBaseline, interpretableLogistic RegressionLinearProbabilities, fastLinear boundaryBinary classificationRandom ForestEnsembleRobust, handles missingLess interpretableTabular data defaultXGBoostEnsembleBest accuracy, fastHyperparameter sensitiveCompetitions, tabularSVMKernelEffective in high-dSlow on large dataSmall-medium datasetsNeural NetworkDeepUniversal approximatorNeeds lots of dataImages, text, speechK-MeansClusteringSimple, scalableMust specify KCustomer segmentationDBSCANClusteringFinds任意 shapeStruggles with densityAnomaly detection

Decision Tree: Model Selection

Model Selection Decision TreeWhat type of problem?Supervised (labeled data)Unsupervised (no labels)ClassificationRegressionBinaryLogReg, SVM, XGBMulti-classRF, XGB, NNContinuousLinReg, XGB, NNClusteringDim. ReductionK-MeansKnown KDBSCANUnknown KPCA, t-SNEVisualizationGolden RulesStart simple (linear) → add complexity if needed. Feature engineering > algorithm choice. Cross-validate everything.

Classification Metrics

MetricFormulaWhen to Use
AccuracyBalanced classes
PrecisionCost of false positive is high (spam)
RecallCost of false negative is high (cancer)
F1 ScoreImbalanced classes
AUC-ROCArea under ROC curveRanking quality
Log LossProbabilistic predictions

Regression Metrics

MetricFormulaInterpretation
MSEPenalizes large errors
RMSESame units as target
MAERobust to outliers
Variance explained (0-1)
MAPEPercentage error

Math Quick Reference


Python Libraries

  • Data: pandas, numpy
  • Visualization: matplotlib, seaborn, plotly
  • ML: scikit-learn, xgboost, lightgbm
  • Deep Learning: pytorch, tensorflow, keras
  • NLP: transformers, spacy, nltk
  • CV: opencv, torchvision
  • AutoML: auto-sklearn, optuna
  • Deployment: fastapi, flask, streamlit
  • Experiment: mlflow, wandb

Key Takeaways


What to Learn Next

-> What is Machine Learning? — Complete Introduction Learn about what is machine learning? — complete introduction.

-> Linear Regression — Complete Guide with Math and Code Learn about linear regression — complete guide with math and code.

-> Model Evaluation — Metrics, Cross-Validation and Selection Learn about model evaluation — metrics, cross-validation and selection.

-> Transformers — Attention Is All You Need Complete Guide Learn about transformers — attention is all you need complete guide.

-> ML System Design — Architecture and Production Patterns Learn about ml system design — architecture and production patterns.

-> ML Interview Prep — Questions, Answers and System Design Learn about ml interview prep — questions, answers and system design.

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