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Apache Kafka Exactly-Once Semantics: Transactions, Idempotency, and Consistency

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Apache Kafka Exactly-Once Semantics: Transactions, Idempotency, and Consistency

Transaction Lifecycle State MachineEmptyNo TransactionOngoingWriting DataPrepareCommittingCompleteCommittedAbortRolled Backtimeout/abortIdempotent ProducerPID + Sequence NumbersTransactional ProducerAtomic multi-partitionConsumer Isolationread_committedState: Empty β†’ Ongoing β†’ Prepare β†’ Complete (or Abort)
Idempotent Deduplication: Sequence NumbersProducer PIDSeq: 0, 1, 2Broker DedupLog AppendNo DuplicatesEach producer gets unique PID, brokers track sequence numbers per partitionRetries with same PID+Seq are deduped, ensuring idempotent writes

Architecture Diagram: Exactly-Once Semantics Components

Architecture Diagram: Transaction Lifecycle State Machine

Architecture Diagram: Idempotent Producer Deduplication

Architecture Diagram: Two-Phase Commit Protocol

Architecture Diagram: Consumer Isolation Levels

Formal Definitions

Key Formulas

←03 Streams Connect05 Schema Registryβ†’

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