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CNN Architecture Deep Dive — LeNet to ResNet to EfficientNet

Computer VisionCNNs🟢 Free Lesson

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Computer Vision

CNN Architectures — From LeNet to EfficientNet

Convolutional Neural Networks are the foundation of computer vision. This tutorial covers the convolution operation in depth and the evolution from LeNet to modern architectures.

  • Convolution is Feature Detection — Local patterns detected with parameter sharing and translation equivariance
  • Skip Connections Changed Everything — ResNet enabled training of 100+ layer networks by solving vanishing gradients
  • Compound Scaling — EfficientNet uniformly scales width, depth, and resolution for optimal efficiency

CNN Architecture Deep Dive — LeNet to ResNet to EfficientNet

Convolutional Neural Networks are the foundation of computer vision. This tutorial covers the convolution operation in depth and the evolution of CNN architectures.


The Convolution Operation

Convolution Operation: Kernel Slides Across InputInput (5×5)1234567890123456789012345Kernel (3×3)-101-101-101Receptive fieldOutput (3×3)012123234×Output(i,j) = Σ Input(i+m, j+n) × Kernel(m, n)Each output = dot product of kernel with local region

Padding and Stride


Pooling


CNN Architecture Evolution

CNN Architecture Evolution: Depth vs PerformanceYearImageNet Top-1 Accuracy1998LeNet2012AlexNet2014VGG-162014GoogLeNet2015ResNet2019EfficientNet2020ViTSkip connectionsenabled depth

LeNet (1998)


AlexNet (2012)


VGGNet (2014)


ResNet (2015)

ResNet Skip Connection BlockInput xIdentity shortcutConv 3×3BatchNorm+ReLUOutputy = F(x) + x (skip connection enables gradient flow)

Inception Module (GoogLeNet)

Inception Module: Multi-Scale Feature ExtractionInput1×1 Conv3×3 Conv5×5 Conv3×3 Pool1×11×1ConcatMulti-scale features

Depthwise Separable Convolution


EfficientNet: Compound Scaling


Design Principles


Summary

  • Convolution detects local patterns with parameter sharing and translation equivariance
  • LeNet → AlexNet → VGG: Deeper networks with simple building blocks
  • ResNet: Skip connections enable training of 100+ layer networks
  • Inception: Multi-scale features with parallel filter branches
  • MobileNet/EfficientNet: Depthwise separable convolutions for efficiency
  • Compound scaling: Balance depth, width, and resolution for optimal performance

Next: Object Detection

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