Physical Security

Facility security, access controls, surveillance, and environmental protections.

Overview

Physical security protects tangible assets and personnel.

Security Layers

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│           Perimeter                  │
│  (Fences, Gates, Lighting)          │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│           Building                   │
│  (Doors, Locks, Alarms)             │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│           Interior                   │
│  (Badges, Cameras, Guards)          │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│           Asset                      │
│  (Safes, Locks, Encryption)         │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

Access Control Types

Surveillance Systems

# Camera placement
cameras:
  - location: entrance
    type: fixed
    resolution: 4K
    retention: 90_days
  - location: parking
    type: PTZ
    resolution: 1080p
    retention: 30_days
  - location: server_room
    type: fixed
    resolution: 4K
    retention: 365_days

Environmental Controls

Visitor Management

# Visitor registration
class Visitor:
    def __init__(self, name, company, purpose):
        self.name = name
        self.company = company
        self.purpose = purpose
        self.check_in = datetime.now()
        self.badge = self.issue_badge()
    
    def issue_badge(self):
        return create_temporary_badge(self)
    
    def check_out(self):
        self.check_out_time = datetime.now()
        revoke_badge(self.badge)

Security Policies

1. Clean desk — Secure sensitive documents
2. Tailgating prevention — Challenge strangers
3. Badge display — Visible identification
4. Visitor escort — Accompany visitors
5. After-hours access — Log all entry

Incident Procedures

1. Assess situation
2. Ensure safety
3. Contact security
4. Document incident
5. Follow up

Practice

Design a physical security plan for a data center.